Geology plays a vital role in the ability to identify processes and hazards that pose risk for people and the environment. By analyzing hydrogeologic properties of Jefferson County and county municipalities in general, geologists are more informed of risks like mass wasting and flooding, along with making smarter decisions in land planning and development. This paper aims to summarize the hydrogeologic properties of Jefferson County by examining three main topics: permeability of varying soils, drainages divide within and surrounding Jefferson County, and the possible risks of sinkholes and karst features. This paper explains the theory behind the falling head permeability test that was used to examine permeability of two soils within Jefferson County. Along with the permeability tests, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was developed to help display sinkhole risk and drainage divide areas. With hydrological issues occurring worldwide, an active knowledge of regional hydrogeology is urgently needed.